Forest subsidy distribution in five European countries

Forest subsidies are widely used to achieve policy objectives aimed at maintaining and supporting the provision of various ecosystem services provided by forests. In European Union, an important instrument is Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) within EU's Common Policy (CAP), but countries also have national subsidy systems. both cases, individual determine which they want with schemes measures supported. this comparative study, we investigate forest-related subsidized across Europe forest owners, representing a very heterogeneous group, involved in activities We collected data on paid out from Austria, Finland, Germany, Slovenia Sweden EAFRD funding period 2014–2020 comparison funded activities. Further, analysed how were distributed among private owners holdings different sizes performing G-tests compare observed expected received size categories. The results show that through flexibility given CAP adjust their programmes specific needs, funds equivalent indeed wide range instead only few following one common goal. Reflecting needs functions, more ecology-oriented “investment increase resistance ecological value forests” management-oriented “purchase new machinery equipment forestry operations”. all five countries, small-scale smaller than 200 ha largest owner group manage large share area hands (from 47% Austria 97% Slovenia). However, especially smallest (< 20 ha) rarely use scheme framework thus receive disproportionately low subsidies. There might be several reasons this. Small-scale generally less regarding issues (including schemes) larger may not aware opportunities. addition, considerable effort apply, including project preparation, administration documentation perceived as barrier. It became clear current systems focus objectives. Our study further revealed distribution partly unclear inconsistent hampering comparisons. understanding urgently needed increasing effectiveness goals vital multifunctional